I received this email from a friend that works at NOAA. I hope the graphs and such come through.
Subject: FUN FACTS about CARBON DIOXIDE
FUN
FACTS about
CARBON DIOXIDE
Of the 186 billion tons of CO2 that enter earth's
atmosphere each year from all sources, only 6 billion tons are from human
activity. Approximately 90 billion tons come from biologic activity in earth's
oceans and another 90 billion tons from such sources as volcanoes and decaying
land plants.
At 368 parts per million CO2 is a minor constituent of
earth's atmosphere-- less than 4/100ths
of 1% of all gases present. Compared to former geologic times, earth's
current atmosphere is CO2-
impoverished.
CO2 is odorless, colorless, and tasteless. Plants
absorb CO2 and emit oxygen as a waste product. Humans and animals breathe
oxygen and emit CO2 as a waste product. Carbon dioxide is a nutrient, not a
pollutant, and all life-- plants and animals alike-- benefit from more of it.
All life on earth is carbon-based and CO2 is an essential ingredient. When
plant-growers want to stimulate plant growth, they introduce more carbon
dioxide.
CO2 that goes into the atmosphere does not stay there
but is continually recycled by terrestrial plant life and earth's oceans-- the
great retirement home for most terrestrial carbon dioxide.
If we are in a global
warming crisis today, even the most aggressive and costly proposals for
limiting industrial carbon dioxide emissions would have a negligible effect on
global climate!
The case for a "greenhouse problem"
is made by environmentalists, news anchormen , and special interests who make
inaccurate and misleading statements about global warming and climate change.
Even though people may be skeptical of such rhetoric initially, after awhile
people start believing it must be true because we hear it so often.
"We have to offer up scary scenarios, make simplified,
dramatic statements, and make little mention of any doubts we may have. Each of
us has to decide what the right balance is between being effective and being
honest."
Stephen Schneider (leading advocate of the global warming
theory)(in interview for Discover magazine, Oct
1989)
"In the United States...we have to first convince the
American People and the Congress that the climate problem is real."
former
President Bill Clinton in a 1997 address to the United Nations
Nobody is interested in solutions if they don't think
there's a problem. Given that starting point, I believe it is appropriate to
have an over-representation of factual presentations on how dangerous (global
warming) is, as a predicate for opening up the audience to listen to what the
solutions are...
former Vice President Al Gore(now, chairman and
co-founder of Generation Investment Management--a
London-based business that sells carbon credits)(in interview with
Grist Magazine
May 9, 2006, concerning his book, An
Inconvenient Truth)
"In the long run, the replacement of the precise and disciplined
language of science by the misleading language of litigation and advocacy may be
one of the more important sources of damage to society incurred in the current
debate over global warming."
Dr. Richard S.
Lindzen(leading climate and atmospheric science expert-
MIT) (3)
"Researchers pound the global-warming drum because
they know there is politics and, therefore, money behind it. . . I've been
critical of global warming and am persona non grata."
Dr. William Gray(Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado and leading expert of hurricane prediction )(in
an interview for the Denver Rocky Mountain News, November 28,
1999)
"Scientists who want to attract attention to
themselves, who want to attract great funding to themselves, have to (find a)
way to scare the public . . . and this you can achieve only by making things
bigger and more dangerous than they really are."
Petr Chylek(Professor of Physics and Atmospheric
Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia)Commenting on
reports by other researchers that Greenland's glaciers are melting.(Halifax Chronicle-Herald,
August 22, 2001) (8)
"Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will
be doing the right thing -- in terms of economic policy and environmental
policy."
Tim Wirth , while U.S. Senator, Colorado.After a
short stint as United Nations Under-Secretary for Global Affairs (4)he now serves as President,
U.N. Foundation, created by Ted Turner and his $1 billion
"gift"
"No matter if the science is all phony, there are
collateral environmental benefits.... Climate change [provides] the greatest
chance to bring about justice and equality in the world."
Christine Stewart, Minister of the Environment of Canadarecent quote from the Calgary Herald
Unraveling the Earth's Temperature Record
photo by: Vin MorganPalaeo
Environment (Ice Cores) Field Work
Because
accumulating layers of glacial ice display annual bands which can be
dated, similar to annual rings of a tree, the age of ice core samples can
be determined. Continuous ice cores from borings as much as two miles long
have been extracted from permanent glaciers in Greenland, Antarctica, and
Siberia. Bubbles of entrapped air in the ice cores can be analyzed to
determine not only carbon dioxide and methane concentrations, but also
atmospheric temperatures can be determined from analysis of entrapped
hydrogen and oxygen.
Based on historical air temperatures inferred from ice core analyses from the
Antarctic Vostok station in 1987, relative to the average global temperature in
1900 it has been determined that from 160,000 years ago until about 18,000 years
ago Earth temperatures were on average about 3° C cooler than today.
Except for two relatively brief interglacial episodes, one peaking about
125,000 years ago (Eemian Interglacial), and the other beginning about 18,000
years ago (Present Interglacial), the Earth has been under siege of ice for the
last 160,000 years.
Compiled by R.S. Bradley and J.A. Eddy based on J.
Jouzel et al., Nature vol. 329. pp. 403-408, 1987 and published in
EarthQuest, vol. 5, no. 1, 1991. Courtesy of Thomas
Crowley, Remembrance
of Things Past: Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic
Record
As illustrated in this final graph, over the past 800,000 years the Earth
has undergone major swings in warming and cooling at approximately 100,000
year intervals, interrupted by minor warming cycles at shorter intervals. This
represents periods of glacial expansion, separated by distinct but relatively
short-lived periods of glacial retreat.
Temperature data inferred from measurements of the
ratio of oxygen isotope ratios in fossil plankton that settled to the sea
floor, and assumes that changes in global temperature approximately tracks
changes in the global ice volume. Based on data from J.
Imbrie, J.D. Hays, D.G. Martinson, A. McIntyre, A.C. Mix, J.J. Morley, N.G.
Pisias, W.L. Prell, and N.J. Shackleton, in A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hats,
G. Kukla, and B. Saltzman, eds., Milankovitch and Climate, Dordrecht,
Reidel, pp. 269-305, 1984.Courtesy of Thomas Crowley, Remembrance
of Things Past: Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic
Record
The Polar Ice Cap Effect
As long as the continent of Antarctica
exists at the southern pole of our planet we probably will be repeatedly pulled back
into glacial ice ages. This occurs because ice caps, which cannot attain
great thickness over open ocean, can and do achieve great thickness over a
polar continent-- like Antarctica. Antarctica used to be located near the
equator, but over geologic time has moved by continental drift
to its present location at the south pole. Once established, continental polar
ice caps act like huge cold sinks, taking over the climate and growing bigger
during periods of reduced solar output. Part of the problem with shaking off
the effects of an ice age is once ice caps are established, they cause solar
radiation to be reflected back into space, which acts to perpetuate global
cooling. This increases the size of ice caps which results in reflection of
even more radiation, resulting in more cooling, and so on.
Continental polar ice caps seem to play a particularly important role in
ice ages when the arrangement of continental land masses restrict the free
global circulation of equatorial ocean currents. This is the case with the
continents today, as it was during the Carboniferous
Ice Age when the supercontinent Pangea stretched from pole to pole
300 million years ago.
Stopping Climate Change
Putting things in perspective,
geologists tell us our present warm climate is a mere blip in the history of
an otherwise cold Earth. Frigid Ice Age temperatures have been the rule, not
the exception, for the last couple of million years. This kind of world is not
totally inhospitable, but not a very fun place to live, unless you are a polar
bear.
Some say we are "nearing the end of
our minor interglacial period" , and may in fact be on the brink of
another Ice Age. If this is true, the last thing we should be doing is
limiting carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, just in case they may
have a positive effect in sustaining present temperatures. The smart money,
however, is betting that there is some momentum left in our present warming
cycle. Environmental advocates agree: resulting in a shift of tactics from the
"global cooling" scare of the 1970s to the "global warming"
threat of the 1980s and 1990s.
Now, as we begin the 21st century the terminology is morphing
toward"climate change," whereby no matter the direction of temperature
trends-- up or down-- the headlines can universally blame humans while
avoiding the necessity of switching buzz-words with the periodicity of solar
cycles. Such tactics may, however, backfire as peoples' common sensibilities
are at last pushed over the brink.
Global climate cycles of warming and cooling have been a natural phenomena
for hundreds of thousands of years, and it is unlikely that these cycles of
dramatic climate change will stop anytime soon. We currently enjoy a warm
Earth. Can we count on a warm Earth forever? The answer is most likely...
no.
Since the climate has always been changing and will likely continue of its
own accord to change in the future, instead of crippling the U.S. economy in
order to achieve small reductions in global warming effects due to manmade
additions to atmospheric carbon dioxide, our resources may be better spent
making preparations to adapt to global cooling and global warming, and the
inevitable consequences of fluctuating ocean levels, temperatures, and
precipitation that accompany climatic change.
Supporting this view is British scientist Jane
Francis, who maintains:
" What we are seeing really is just another interglacial phase within
our big icehouse climate." Dismissing political calls for a global
effort to reverse climate change, she said, " It's really farcical
because the climate has been changing constantly... What we should do is be
more aware of the fact that it is changing and that we should be ready to
adapt to the change."
THIS PAGE
BY:
Monte Hieb
This site last updated October 5, 2007
Previous
Table of Contents
...EMAIL COMMENTS TO: mhieb@geocraft.com
References
(1) A scientific Discussion of
Climate Change, Sallie Baliunas, Ph.D., Harvard- Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics and Willie Soon, Ph.D., Harvard- Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics.
(2) The Effects of Proposals
for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction; Testimony of Dr. Patrick J.
Michaels, Professor of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, before
the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, United
States House of Representatives
(3) Statement Concerning
Global Warming-- Presented to the Senate Committee on Environmental and
Public Works, June 10, 1997, by Dr. Richard S. Lindzen, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
(4) Excerpts from,"Our
Global Future: Climate Change", Remarks by Under Secretary for Global
affairs, T. Wirth, 15 September 1997. Site maintained by The Globe - Climate
Change Campaign
(5) Testimony of John R.
Christy to the Committee on Environmental and Public Works, Department of
Atmospheric Science and Earth System Science Laboratory, University of Alabama
in Huntsville, July 10, 1997.
(6) The Carbon Dioxide Thermometer and the Cause of Global
Warming; Nigel Calder,-- Presented at a seminar SPRU (Science and
Technology Policy Research), University of Sussex, Brighton, England, October
6, 1998.
(7) Variation in cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage: a missing
link in solar-climate relationships; H. Svensmark and E.
Friis-Christiansen, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar- Terrestrial Physics,
vol. 59, pp. 1225 - 1232 (1997).
(8) First International Conference on Global Warming and the Next Ice
Age; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, sponsored by the Canadian
Meteorological and Oceanographic Society and the American Meteorological
Society, August 21-24, 2001.
Additional Reading
Understanding
Common Climate Claims: Dr. Richard S. Lindzen; Draft paper to appear in
the Proceedings of the 2005 Erice Meeting of the World Federation of
Scientists on Global Emergencies.
Geological
Constraints on Global Climate Variability: Dr. Lee C. Gerhard-- A variety
of natural climate drivers constantly change our climate. A slide format
presentation. 8.5 MB.
Thoughts of Global
Warming: "The bottom line is that climatic change is a given. It is
inescapable, it happens. There is no reason to be very concerned about it or
spend bazillions of dollars to try and even things out.
NOAA
Paleoclimatology: An educational trip through earths distant and recent
past. Also contains useful information and illustrations relating to the
causes of climate change.
Cracking the Ice Age: From the
PBS website-- NOVA online presents a brief tour of the causes of global
warming.
Little
Ice Age (Solar Influence - Temperature): From the online magazine, "CO2
Science."
Solar Variability and Climate
Change: by Willie Soon, January 10, 2000
Earth's
Fidgeting Climate: NASA Science News "It may surprise many people that
science cannot deliver an unqualified, unanimous answer about something as
important as climate change"
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